Responses of lower thermospheric temperature to the 2013 St. Patrick's Day geomagnetic storm

The altitude- and latitude-dependent responses of neutral temperature in the lower thermosphere to the 2013 St. Patrick's Day geomagnetic storm have been studied using neutral temperature measurements from the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument onboard the TIMED satellite and the Solar Occultation For Ice Experiment (SOFIE) instrument onboard the AIM satellite. Both SABER and SOFIE observations revealed that both temperature increase (having peaks of similar to 15-25 K) and decrease (having peak of similar to 15 K), which were associated with the storm, occurred in the two hemispheres. The magnitudes of temperature variations changed with latitude, altitude, and the phase of the storm. The peaks of the temperature increase occurred 0.5-1.5 days later than the peak of the AE index, depending on latitude and height. Global circulation changes initiated due to heating and ion drag in the auroral region are likely responsible for the temperature increases or decreases in the lower thermosphere.